Les générateurs
de nombres aléatoires

https://altusmetrum.org/ChaosKey/

Transistor noise.

https://www.araneus.fi/products/alea2/en/

The Alea II uses a reverse biased semiconductor junction to generate wide-band Gaussian white noise.

(now Mercury, no info:
http://www.athena-group.com/true-random-number-generators/)

The RNG-A100 is a minimum area solution that couples a non-deterministic entropy source (NRNG), containing multiple random oscillators, with a non-linear deterministic RNG (DRNG) to produce the highest quality RNG available today.

http://bitbabbler.org/what.html

Shot noise, Johnson-Nyquist noise, flicker noise, RF noise.

http://bitbabbler.org/what.html

Only a single entropy gatherer (budget version).

https://comscire.com/random-number-generator-selection-guide/

(old website) The quantum entropy source in the QNG Model PQ4000KS is shot noise due to sub-threshold leakage and gate tunneling leakage in MOS transistors. In addition, sources of chaotic entropy include a combination of thermal or Johnson noise, other types of transistor noise and switching noise. Twenty-four independent, high frequency oscillating signal sources, each producing a predetermined amount of quantum entropy and chaotic entropy, continuously operate at different frequencies between 200 and 400 MHz. Each oscillator is sampled at multiple taps to produce enhanced outputs and the enhanced outputs are further combined to produce noisy output signals. Seventy-five of these noisy signals are combined to produce a single sampled binary signal at 128 Mbps. Only FIPS certification.

https://comscire.com/secure-iot-rng/

The power of our design is based on a full theoretical understanding of entropy sources and the manipulation of randomness in practical circuitry. We are the only company that can provide a full mathematical proof (to be published) ... etc.

https://www.cryptalabs.com/

By combining a light source, a detector and a processor into a single Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) chip, in combination with our own software, we deliver military-grade encryption for devices which if compromised could have lethal consequences.

http://www.fdk.co.jp/

Thermal noise produced inside the semiconductor.

http://wiki.seeed.cc/FST-01/

True Random Number Generator based on ADC noise.

https://gglabs.us/node/2104

USB TRNG (True Random Number Generator) based on the ST Microelectronics STM32.

Quantis RNG is PTG.3. Exploit elementary quantum optical processes as a source of true randomness. Photons (light particles) are sent, one by one, onto a semi-transparent mirror and detected. 4Mbps. AIS31 compliant.

https://www.idquantique.com/random-number-generation/products/quantis-qrng-chips/

Six models for different use cases.
One is inside the Samsung Galaxy Quantum 3 smartphone.
At its core, the QRNG chip contains a light-emitting diode (LED) and an image sensor. Due to quantum noise, the LED emits a random number of photons, which are captured and counted by the image sensor’s pixels, giving a series of raw random numbers...

https://github.com/waywardgeek/infnoise

https://www.tindie.com/products/WaywardGeek/infinite-noise-true-random-number-generator/

Infinite Noise / Vendor: Wayward Geek via Tindie
Thermal noise, closely approximated as log2(K) per output bit, where K is a gain between 1 and 2 set by two resistors around an op-amp. A "health monitor" in the driver tracks this and verifies that the output entropy is within 3% of the expected entropy.

https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-digital-random-number-generator-drng-software-implementation-guide

In 2012, Cryptography Research, Inc. published the report "ANALYSIS OF INTEL'S IVY BRIDGE DIGITAL RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR". The entropy source (ES) at the heart of the Intel RNG is a self-oscillating digital circuit with feedback, shown in figure above. The ES is a dual differential jamb latch with feedback. It is a latch formed by two cross-coupled inverters (nodes A and B). The circuit is self-clocking (heart_clock), and designed such that when the clock is running, the circuit enters a metastable state. The circuit then resolves to one of two possible states, determined randomly by thermal noise in the system. The settling of the circuit is biased by the differential in the charges on the capacitors (A caps and B caps). The state to which the latch resolves is the random bit of output of the ES. The circuit is also designed with feedback to seek out its metastable region. Based on how the latch resolves, a fixed amount of charge is drained from one capacitor and added to the other. The goal is to have the latch oscillate around the metastable region, using the last output to determine the charge changes to the capacitors. At normal process, voltage and temperature (PVT) conditions, the ES runs at about 3 GHz.

http://www.ipcores.com/True_Random_Generator_TRNG_IP_core.htm

Initial seed provided from internal entropy source. FIPS only.

was sold by Moonbase. http://moonbase.tictail.com/ (dead link).

Entropy is collected from an avalanche diode circuit and optionally an RF circuit, whitened and presented over a USB/Serial connection.

was sold by Moonbase. http://moonbase.tictail.com/ (dead link).

Semiconductor avalanche effect and atmospheric noise.

https://www.quantumnumberscorp.com/ : dead link.

QNG2 is the first Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) in the market the size of an integrated circuit (CHIP). Entropy source: ?? (likely tunnel effect)

https://quantumbase.com/electronic-solutions/q-rand/

At Quantum Base, we have invented and developed a true quantum random number generator (Q-RAND) using quantum tunnelling in a simple semiconductor structure, namely a resonant tunnelling diode (RTD).

l'article de Nature qui justifie ça.

https://quantumemotion.com/technology/qrng2

Quantum eMotion underlying technology is based on the electron tunneling effect

https://www.quintessencelabs.com/products#qrng

PCI card. qStream is a quantum-powered module that uses quantum tunneling to sample the random movement of electrons across a diode, generating truly unpredictable strings of random numbers.

https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/events/random-bit-generation-workshop-2016/documents/presentations/sessionv-1-jeong-woon-choi-presentation.pdf

Poisson distribution from a LED to a CMOS camera
[2017] The Quantum Random Number Generator will be mass produced by local chip maker Dongbu HiTeck.

https://www.silexinsight.com/products/security/random-generators

It is a digital source of entropy designed for compliance with the NIST-800-90B and AIS31. The IP Core successfully passed NIST-800-22, 90B and AIS31 test suites on the entropy source and it is compliant with the FIPS-140-2 validation.

http://www.simtec.co.uk/ (product is no more existing)

http://www.entropykey.co.uk/ (dead link)

The Entropy Key uses P-N semiconductor junctions reverse biased with a high enough voltage to bring them near to, but not beyond, breakdown in order to generate noise. In other words, it has a pair of devices that are wired up in such a way that as a high potential is applied across them, where electrons do not normally flow in this direction and would be blocked, the high voltage compresses the semiconduction gap sufficiently that the occasional stray electron will quantum tunnel through the P-N junction. (This is sometimes referred to as avalanche noise.)

https://tectrolabs.com/tl200/

(remplace le TL100)
The TL200 utilizes random noise generated from two independent and reliable sources based on reverse-biased Zener diodes.

https://tectrolabs.com/alpharng/

Même techno, mais avec un canal confidentiel. C'est mieux, mais bon, c'est de l'USB sur un PC.

http://www.trng98.se/

Random number generator intended for game servers.

http://ubld.it/products/truerngpro

Semiconductor avalanche effect (two parallel sources).

http://ubld.it/products/truerng-hardware-random-number-generator/

USB version.

http://ubld.it/truerng_v3

Amélioration de la V2

http://uniksys.co.in/ (dead link)

https://www.ensurity.com/

"dual thermal noise generation" Xilinx Spartan3 FPGA
This product seems to have disappeared when Unik became Ensurity in 2017.

http://www.jtxp.org/tech/xr232usb_en.htm

This newly designed source of entropy utilizes nonlinearities and chaotic noise effects in a fast comparator IC.

http://qrbg.irb.hr/

Photon and beam-splitter, so quantum.